U.S. Economic Regulation and Control

The U.S. federal government regulates private enterprise in numerous ways. Regulation falls into two general categories. Economic regulation seeks, either directly or indirectly, to control prices. Traditionally, the government has sought to prevent monopolies such as electric utilities from raising prices beyond the level that would ensure them reasonable profits. At times, the government has extended economic control to other kinds of industries as well. In the years following the Great Depression, it devised a complex system to stabilize prices for agricultural goods, which tend to fluctuate wildly in response to rapidly changing supply and demand. A number of other industries -- trucking and, later, airlines -- successfully sought regulation themselves to limit what they considered harmful price-cutting. Antitrust Law Another form of economic regulation, antitrust law, seeks to strengthen market forces so that direct regulation is unnecessary. The government -- and, sometimes, private parties -- have used antitrust law to prohibit practices or mergers that would unduly limit competition. Government Control Over Private Companies The government also exercises control over private companies to achieve social goals, such as protecting the publics health and safety or maintaining a clean and healthy environment. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, for example; the Occupational Safety and Health Administration protects workers from hazards they may encounter in their jobs; the Environmental Protection Agency seeks to control water and air pollution. American Attitudes about Regulation Over Time American attitudes about regulation changed substantially during the final three decades of the 20th century. Beginning in the 1970s, policy-makers grew increasingly concerned that economic regulation protected inefficient companies at the expense of consumers in industries such as airlines and trucking. At the same time, technological changes spawned new competitors in some industries, such as telecommunications, that once were considered natural monopolies. Both developments led to a succession of laws easing regulation. While leaders of both political parties generally favored economic deregulation during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, there was less agreement concerning regulations designed to achieve social goals. Social regulation had assumed growing importance in the years following the Depression and World War II, and again in the 1960s and 1970s. But during the presidency of Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, the government relaxed rules to protect workers, consumers, and the environment, arguing that regulation interfered with free enterprise, increased the costs of doing business, and thus contributed to inflation. Still, many Americans continued to voice concerns about specific events or trends, prompting the government to issue new regulations in some areas, including environmental protection. Some citizens, meanwhile, have turned to the courts when they feel their elected officials are not addressing certain issues quickly or strongly enough. For instance, in the 1990s, individuals, and eventually government itself, sued tobacco companies over the health risks of cigarette smoking. A large financial settlement provided states with long-term payments to cover medical costs to treat smoking-related illnesses. This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

Animal Farm Essay Questions - 1782 Words

Animal Farm Essay Questions 1. In Animal Farm, Squealer is the propagandist. Using at least three scenes, show how his ability to use language well affects the events in the novel. Without Squealer, Napoleon’s power would not have been so strong. Squealer is a very intelligent persuasive pig who can easily make excuses to explain to the other animals for Napoleon’s doings. For example, when the pigs were discovered drinking all the milk and eating the apples. Quickly, Squealer came up with a reasonable explanation, â€Å"It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back!† (Orwell 31). Squealer convinces the other animals that thy need the pigs†¦show more content†¦Use at least three examples from the reading as evidence. Some of the animals on the farm, Boxer and the sheep, are oblivious to the concept of reading and writing. An intelligent, educated populace is necessary for a good government to work because the fact that they’re unable to learn and expand their brain is so hard for them is bag for the rebellion because they will immediately do whatever they are told to do. Boxer, a strong, hardworking, unitelligent horse is a great example of someone who could negatively affect a society. â€Å"Boxer could not get past the letter D† (Orwell 28). This is upsetting and bad for a government because Boxer agrees to all of the rules that are established and works harder than anyone, just because Napoleon tells him he is the most important. This could be bad because Boxer can easily get manipulated by someone looking for power. A diligent horse like Boxer can easily get manipulated and over pushed. Boxer gets up an hour earlier then all the other animals so he can work more by himself. â€Å"‘Boxer has fallen! He is lying on his side and can’t get up?’† (Orwell 105). It shows that an uneducated populace won’t result in a good government because without Boxer, the farm can’t work as efficient and as hard as they did before. The seven commandments are very basic and are the ground rules of the farm. â€Å"It was also found that the stupider animals , such asShow MoreRelatedChapter 1 Questions and Answers, Animal Farm Essay examples920 Words   |  4 Pagesof the novel, the highly respected Middle White Boar – old Major – presents the animals with a speech, which is intended to plant within the animals his vision of a liberal future for all animals. The essence of Old Majors speech is that ‘...The life of an animal is misery and slavery...’ He is telling them of the reality of their existence - that they are merely slaves for mankind. Old Major explains to the animals that man is the reason why they are forced to persist in such appalling conditionsRead MoreAnimal Farm Essays1030 Words   |  5 PagesANIMAL FARM Writing Assignment ASSIGNMENT In ANIMAL FARM, Orwell shows how both the leaders and the followers in a society can act in ways that destroy freedom and equality. Choose one leader and one follower from the novel and explain how the behavior of each contributes to the loss of freedom and equality on Animal Farm. PREWRITING Step 1 List the various leaders of Animal Farm. Looking back through the novel, find several examples of actions the leaders take that curtail the rights of theRead MorePolitics And Language In Animal Farm, By George Orwell720 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Orwell was a political writer who made it his life’s goal to expose the injustices he saw in the world. He does this through the many novels and essays he writes. Animal Farm, one of his better known pieces, depicts the hardships faced by a group of farm animals in an attempt to claim the farm that had been exploiting them for the entirety of their lives. His fable is written as an allegory to comment on the Russian Revolution and to warn his audience of the corruption that entails power;Read MoreAn Allegory In Animal Farm By George Orwell?819 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunities does writing Animal Farm as an allegory rather than an academic essay offer Orwell? The novel Animal Farm was written by George Orwell. This book was published in 1945 during the time of World War 2. It intended to portray the communism that was happening throughout Russia. Orwell took a massive risk in publishing and jeopardized his wellbeing to publicise his thoughts and to get his point across to the public. This essay will discuss what opportunities Animal Farm provides Orwell by writingRead MoreAllegory Animal Farm Analysis773 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Allegory Essay According to dictionary.com, Revolution: an overthrown or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed. Orwell wrote Animal Farm to be a satire to the Russian Revolution. The oldest, wisest pig on the farm, Old Major, has a dream of a rebellion against the humans. He tells the idea to his fellow comrades and starts an uprise with the animals. Once Old Major died, the animals became tired of the farmerRead MoreComparative Essay: Leadership Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm1120 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Comparative essay: Leadership in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay question: You are required to write a comparative essay. You should compare one aspect of the texts such as theme, conflict, character or relationship. The texts are ‘Lord of the Flies’ and ‘Animal Farm’. The two books, Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm circle around the themes of power, leadership, law, disorder, good and evil. On a personal level, these themes come up in the way people relate to each other: How theyRead MoreHow Is Napoleon s Tyranny The Same As Jones?1107 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Farm Essay Outline Topic Question How is Napoleon’s tyranny the same as Jones’? Introduction The antagonist of the book ‘Animal Farm’, Napoleon was highly emphasized for his cruel tactics that he upheld against his fellow animals. He tortured and tormented them giving himself the title of a cruel leader. This sense of tyranny is why he resembles Mr.Jones the previous owner of Manor Farm. Similar to Mr.Jones, Napoleon has created a caste system in which he is the â€Å"farmer† and the rest of theRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1299 Words   |  6 PagesEssay 2: Politics and the English Language George Orwell’s Animal Farm is an allegoric, political satire rich in manipulation of language. In fact, some believe it was written for the purpose of portraying the Russian Revolution of 1917 and many years following which concluded in a â€Å"more oppressive, totalitarian, and far more deadly† government than its predecessors. Each of Orwell’s characters is also believed to represent principal figures of that time. The story opens on Manor Farm, an EnglishRead MoreMeat vs. Vegan Essay768 Words   |  4 PagesConscientious Meat Eater?† is an informative essay about the dirty side of the meat industry. They speak out of the physical abuse and poor living conditions endured by animals raised solely for the purpose of consumption. Because of the inhumane treatment towards animals, Taylor talks about a vegan solution and the many benefits associated with it. Animal cruelty is a sensitive topic that readers can easily be persuaded to either side. But, fo r the purpose of this essay, the reader can be swayed towards beingRead MoreEssay about Notions of Power: Animal Farm and Macbeth1257 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Political Power grows out of the barrel of a gun† -Chairman Mao- QUESTION: To what extent does this quote connect to the message regarding power in each of your texts? Write a synthesis essay that deals with the quote above and Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Orwell’s Animal Farm. In your essay ensure that you specifically refer to each of texts including quotes and analysis. â€Å"Political Power grows out of the Barrel of a Gun† The idea of power and especially political power has

Smoking Free Essays

The human body is made up of all different organs that are essential to our living being. Taking care of these organs is vital to maintaining our health. One of our most important organs is the lungs. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking or any similar topic only for you Order Now The lungs are used to take in oxygen from the air and help us make blood cells in the body. Keeping the lungs healthy is necessary to keeping your breathing and blood healthy. There are many things that keep us from having healthy lungs, such as toxic fumes, gar smoke, and the most common, cigarette smoke.Smoking cigarettes doesn’t only affect the person who smokes but also the people around them. I believe that smoking should be banned from the United States. Even though this is a very unacceptable issue to the majority of the country, there have been smoking bans that were implemented in early years to insure the safety of the people in businesses, and restaurant environments. Even though smoking has been banned in these facilities, we should expand these laws and make cigarettes banned all over the country. When smoking bans are put to use, less people will die from the toxin that seeps throughout the cigarette.Cigarettes should not be imported nor distributed in the U. S. A. Smoking is an expensive habit and it should be banned. Although smokers claim that it helps them to relax and release stress, the negative aspects of the habit outweigh the positive. It is a health hazard for both smokers and non-smokers and it is especially harmful to unborn babies. Cigarettes are also addictive because of the nicotine they contain. Cigarette smoking causes a number of health problems which are expensive to treat. It is a major cause of respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung cancer and bronchitis. It also leads to heart disease.In spite of the money in which the government receives from taxing cigarettes, the cost of medical treatment for these diseases is much more than their tax income. As a consequence, non-smoking taxpayers are paying for the health costs of smokers. This is a very unfair situation. Another reason for banning cigarettes is that cigarette smoke affects the health of non-smokers and unborn babies. Non-smokers soften suffer from eye and nose irritations, allergies and headaches as a result of inhaling second-hand smoke. There is also evidence to suggest that passive smoking may cause lung cancer.Smoking during pregnancy can hinder to growth of the fetus and may even result in death. Finally, the nicotine which is found in cigarettes is highly addictive. Other addictive substances such as cocaine and heroin are illegal. The fact that tobacco remains legal is very irrational. To some people smoking can be a matter of relieving stress. To many it may seem harmless but most people do not know that it is addicting and that it kills. Cigarettes carry all sorts of harmful ingredients that make it poisonous for both the user and those around them.Smoking is dangerous because it has the ability to deliver large doses of nicotine into the lungs, from which blood carries to the brain. This means that you are subjected to get cancer, lung disease, and even mood swings, depending if you have not smoked a cigarette in some time. Smoking is international, and many people say that they smoke just to do it. Smoking can cause second hand smoke, which is more dangerous than smoking in the first place. Second hand smoke is serious because it causes cancerous cells, which multiply throughout the body. Since your inhaling the fumes of the cigarettes, it makes it easier to travel down to your lungs.Since smoking bans have been implemented in restaurants, the government has made it safer for society not to get second hand smoke. The banning of smoking has indeed decreased the use of smoking cigarettes especially around other, but that is not enough. Smoking does not only hurt people it hurts the environment also. Because the toxic fumes go into the air, it spreads through the wind, therefore spreading all over the world. Even though cigarettes have nicotine in it, it also has acids, and other harmful containing toxins that are polluted into the air.We should expand the ban nationally so that instead of a decrease of the use of cigarettes, there will not be any cigarettes to begin with. Smoking bans were put in the legislature for a reason and that reason was to keep us away from toxin harms. Banning also has caused many businesses in the country to close down and has upset customers. Since the act of banning smoking in public places was put into action, people try to bend the laws. Many smokers say that it is their right to smoke. While that may be true, it is not their right to kill others through second hand smoke. The state of Connecticut has put smoking bans in the legislature, but it has affected an Indian casino company that has been in business for many years. Even though the casino has non-smoking sections and has installed air-handling system to allow the fumes of the cigarettes to be lessened. The company has made all the precautions but the state still made them ban smoking on the premises. Banning does not make people completely stop; it actually has made people smoke more and become more violent. I feel the reason to that is because they are so used to smoking that it comes as second nature to them, it becomes a need necessary for their life.People in society feel that banning has done more harm than good, but they don’t see the precaution levels the government is trying to do. Smoking could kill 1 billion people in this century because countries are not doing enough to combat the deadly epidemic. By banning cigarettes we are supportive of the reduction of getting a disease or losing a loved one because of smoking. Although cigarettes are bad for your health, they can be beneficial, if used properly. The main benefits of smoking cigarettes are that it helps the body deal with anxiety, stress, and depression. The way you breathe when you smoke helps your body relax and calm down.For people who have panic attacks or stress problems, doctors recommend patients practice a sort of breathing called relaxation breathing. Relaxation breathing involves taking a deep breath into the lungs and holding it in for a second or two before exhaling. This is exactly like the act of smoking. This kind of breathing slows your heart rate and relieves tension in your muscles, especially your neck and upper back, which tense up in stressful situations. Thought this benefit from smoking is very good for people who are overly stressed, the nicotine in the cigarettes makes them addicted to it.So although they maybe stress free, they are digging themselves and early grave for their lungs. Smoking bans can have its pros and cons but in the long run the banning of cigarettes can be used to ensure a dramatic decrease in deaths and diseases that are caused by cigarettes and its toxins. Deaths have increased since smoking has started and needs to stop. If the use of cigarettes continues in the U. S, I feel that it would put a risk on our future generations and future leaders. The U. S. has banned smoking in many public places, but we should expand that to banning cigarettes overall to promote better health and stability in our country.   How to cite Smoking, Papers

A reflection of Human Resource Management free essay sample

HR department is responsible for many of the attributions of an organization. HRM is a strategic part in the organizational achievement of the company. HR department major daily tasks are planning and alignment, staffing, preparing compensation offers and to shape, outline and define the culture of the organization. HRM process which purpose is to attract, retain, and motive is made up of eight main practices which include HR planning, job analysis and design, recruitment, selection, performance appraisal, training and development, compensation, and benefits. HR also has to make sure they follow all laws and regulations that prohibits against discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion, or even national origin. HRM process which purpose is to attract, retain, and motive is made up of eight main practices which include HR planning, job analysis and design, recruitment, selection, performance appraisal, training and development, compensation, and benefits. There are numerous laws and regulations set to help employees have equality and industry unity. Labor relations maintain a relationship between those in unionized work and management concerning working conditions. Organizations must impose health and safety regulations and strictly practice them in order to prevent industry related accidents which are adversely impacting the economy due to more occupational illnesses and fatalities that are reported each year. Strategic HRM planning is one of the most important pieces of an organization’s operations. HR is an ongoing process that attempts to achieve and ensure the best fit between employees and position that needs to be filled while maintaining the sanctity of the organization. Human Resource planning process allows the achievement of an organization’s strategic objective by enhancing the ability of the organization by ensuring the company has the best qualified employees, and having those employees equipped with all the necessary tools to fulfill their jobs accordingly. I know the company I work for, at the end of the yard when we sit down and plan for what is needed for the upcoming year we have to try and take in account for everything that will be needed. The organization I currently work for received a proposal for ten upcoming jobs  but we do not have the personnel to run those jobs. It takes time to train workers well enough to run a job on their own, so it takes good planning in order to hire potential workers that will be qualified enough to learn how to fulfill the needs and requirements to execute the upcoming projects. Job analysis and job design provide the foundation for effective recruitment, selection, training, performance management, and compensation. The purpose for job analysis is to create a clear understanding of what duties, skills, and capabilities are necessary to complete the job requirements. Job design focuses on structuring particular jobs in such a way that it attracts those who might suit it, as well as enhance job satisfaction, and meet the needs of the company. â€Å"Through job analysis, organizations become better able to match the right people to the right jobs through developing a clearer understanding of what jobs entail as well as what skills and talents employees must have to perform their duties effectively† (Youssef, 2012). Once a year my employer has each employee write down all the job functions they perform. The managers, then either let them retain their job functions or takes some away to incorporate a new position. Since employees are considered the most valuable asset of a company it is essential to attract qualified workers to be able to sustain the organizations competitiveness. HR must be able to attract candidates through internal sources and external sources via advertising, employment agencies, online, school boards, temp agencies, and direct hire. During recruitment a business has to try and differentiate between potential workers who will possess the job skills needed to perform adequately and those who do not, but while doing so it is crucial for the company to adhere to all the laws and regulations implemented by the government. A company must administer Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO) to those who apply, which means in no way should an employer base a candidates skill on their ethnic background, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or age. During the recruitment process, affirmative action policies make it a requirement that employers show initiative in hiring a diverse pool of applicants to fill positions available. We have a diverse pool of applicants that come and apply with my company. Most of the applicants will get hired regardless of their race, nationality or age, the best factor that prohibits one from getting hired on is language barrier. Selecting the right employee to fill a position is one of the most challenging decision making processes a company has to make. The ultimate goal of employee selection is to hire the candidate who is most compatible not only with the organization but for the position that they are trying to fill. In order for the candidate to be successful in a particular position, their talents and personal goals must be taken into consideration and objectives need to be utilized in order to retain qualified individuals. The most common forms of selection methods are resumes and applications but testing, interviews, reference checks, honesty tests, medical exam and drug testing are other forms that are utilized in the selection process. I believe resumes/applications and honesty, medical exams, and drug testing are the best methods to administer when trying to filter out candidates. Performance evaluating, feedback, corrective actions are all essential when processing performance appraisals. This is to help regulate the consistency and effectiveness of the business and how well the employees are functioning daily. When we administer our annual performance evaluations to determine if we were successful at executing the necessary duties and eligibility for a pay increase, the managers gather together and discuss each employee and corrective measures that need to be taken in order to improve their skills. This is very useful when most workers believe they are performing adequately until otherwise told. A worker most likely will not know what they are doing wrong or if they are doing anything wrong if no one ever points it out. Hiring and retaining workers, pay and benefits plays an important aspect in the organization. Pay and benefit packages are commonly used to attracted the best candidates and retain currently employed workers. When companies pay better rates than other companies in the same industry they have a higher chance of keeping the more qualified workers and less likely of a chance of losing an employee to competitors. Pay is usually the primary motivator when considering a position and benefits such as health insurance, location of work, work hours and opportunity for job advancement, bonuses, retirement and rewards are all taken into consideration as well when accepting a job offer. I know when I was proposed a new job offer from another company I had the opportunity to make more money than I was making at my current job. I decided to decline the offer though because even though I would be making more money the hours were less and since it wouldn’t be considered a full time job, they did not  provide benefits nor did the offer overtime like my current position. So in the long run I would be worker less hours and getting less take home pay even though the hourly wage was higher. HRM is the process of managing an organization’s employee’s, it is responsible for attracting, selecting, training, compensating, disciplining, promoting, demoting and rewarding of employees, while overseeing organizational leadership and culture and ensuring compliance with employment and labor laws. In an organization every manager is considered an HR manager since managers are the ones that do most of the let work to support HR managers. Managers are the enforcers and implement workers policies and make sure workers adhere to the rules. It takes a team to run an organization, which is why people are considered the most important asset to the organization.